广东省某医药院校学生网络成瘾与抑郁、自杀意念相关性分析

目的：了解在校大学生网络成瘾与抑郁、自杀意念的相关性,为自杀行为的早期干预提供依据.方法：采用YoungK.S.编制的网络成瘾量表、SDS抑郁自评量表以及自编的自杀意念问卷、一般情况调查问卷,对广东省某医药院校298名在校大学生进行调查.采用SPSS13.0统计软件对收集到的数据进行x2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析.结果：在被调查的298名大学生中,网络成瘾检出率为20.8％,自杀意念发生率为29.2％;有124位学生表现为抑郁状态,占总人数的41.6％;网络成瘾是大学生自杀意念的危险因素（x2=9.655,P=0.002）,网络成瘾组的大学生自杀意念发生率是非成瘾组的2.237倍（OR=2.237,95％ CI=1.205-4.155）.结论：在校大学生网络成瘾发生率较高,且会增加自杀的风险,应引起足够的重视.     

La théorie interpersonnelle du suicide. Présentation et application dans la compréhension des idées suicidaires chez l’étudiant en médecine : étude dans un groupe de 178 étudiants

ObjectivesThe current paper presents firstly the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) and its interest in the risk of suicide in physicians and/or medical students and secondly an original study on 178 medical students.MethodsIn total, 178 medical students of the Université Libre de Bruxelles filled out an ad hoc questionnaire rating suicidal ideations (life-time), recent suicidal plans and recent suicidal ideations rated by the 9th item of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). The subjects completed the French version of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) rating Perceived burdensomeness and Thwarted belongingness and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS) as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Among the 178 medical students, 95 had no suicide risk, 24 had life-time suicidal ideation, 28 had recent suicidal ideations and 26 had recent suicidal plans. The four groups were compared for gender and age as well as for the different rating scales using Chi² tests or analyses of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe four groups had no significant differences for age, gender and scores on the ACSS. ANOVA revealed significant differences for perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and depression. To control the potential effect of depression, analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were done taking as covariate a subscale of the BDI-II rating the cognitive component of depression. The two ANCOVA were significant. Post hoc tests comparing two by two the different groups reported that students with recent suicidal ideations or suicidal plans have significantly higher thwarted belongingness than students without suicide risk or students with life time suicidal ideations. Moreover, higher level of perceived burdensomeness was found only in students with suicidal plans comparatively with the three other groups.ConclusionHigh levels of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness characterize medical students with recent suicidal ideations or suicidal plans independently of the level of depression.     

双相情感障碍伴自杀行为的流行病学分析

目的分析双相情感障碍伴自杀行为患者的流行病学特征,提高对其诊治水平。方法选取2016年5月至2018年5月洛阳市第五人民医院(太康路院区)精神科收治的186例双相情感障碍患者,年龄(43.15±5.66)岁,年龄范围为23~55岁,对患者流行病学特征进行统计,并通过logistic回归分析与各种危险因素之间的关系。结果根据有无自杀行为将患者分为有自杀行为组(n=96)和无自杀行为组(n=90),两组患者性别、婚姻状况、人际关系、是否为独生子女方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者年龄、吸烟史、精神异常史、饮酒史方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性有自杀行为组与男性无自杀行为组患者年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟史、人际关系、是否为独生子方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性有自杀行为组与男性无自杀行为组患者精神异常史、是否饮酒、家族自杀史、既往自杀史比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女性有自杀行为组与女性无自杀行为组患者婚姻状况、人际关系、是否为独生子女方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性有自杀行为组与女性无自杀行为组患者年龄、吸烟史、精神异常史、饮酒史、家族自杀史、既往自杀史方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,女性、年龄大、重大精神创伤、既往自杀史与双相情感障碍伴自杀行为均呈正相关。结论女性、年龄大、有重大精神创伤、有自杀家族史、既往自杀史等都可能是双相情感障碍伴自杀行为患者的危险因素临床上应给予高度重视并及早采取干预措施,以免延误最佳治疗时机。     

抑郁症自杀行为遗传流行病学对照研究

目的　探讨遗传因素在抑郁症自杀行为中的作用。方法　采用病例对照研究方法对 10 3例抑郁症自杀行为先证者和 10 3例对照的亲属资料进行遗传流行病学研究。结果　 2 4 2 7%的先证者的Ⅰ级亲属有自杀行为 ;Ⅰ级亲属、Ⅱ级亲属发生率依次为 4 5 6 %、1 6 0 % ,显著高于对照组Ⅰ级亲属发生率 0 2 6 4 % (P <0 0 1) ,其OR值及95 %可信区间分别为 18 0 7(4 33～ 75 4 0 )、6 16 (1 4 3～ 2 6 6 3) ,且Ⅰ级亲属自杀行为发生率 >Ⅱ级亲属 >Ⅲ级亲属>群体自杀行为发生率。采用Li mantel Gart法得分离比及 95 %可信区间为 0 12 88(0 0 991～ 0 15 85 )。多基因阈值模型估计 ,抑郁症自杀行为先证者Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级亲属的遗传度分别为 71 5 2± 11 0 2 %、4 1 92± 11 81%、31 0 9±13 2 9% ,三者加权平均遗传度为 4 9 38± 3 99%。结论　抑郁症自杀行为具有多基因遗传的特点 ,遗传因素在决定抑郁症自杀行为的易患性上起到重要的作用。     

Self-Injury and Incontinence in Psychogenic Seizures

Summary: Two patients who incurred significant injuries during psychogenic seizures prompted us to do a telephone survey of self-injury and incontinence in 102 consecutive patients diagnosed with psychogenic seizures by EEG-closed-circuit TV (EEG-CCTV) monitoring. Seventy-three patients (or a close family member or friend) were reached by telephone and responded to our survey. During typical attacks of psychogenic seizures, 40% reported injuries, 44% reporting tongue biting, and 44% reported urinary incontinence. Suicide attempts were reported by 32% and were more common in those with self-injury and urinary incontinence. We compared the results of patients with psychogenic seizures with those of 30 patients with refractory epilepsy documented by ictal recordings, using a similar telephone survey. Injuries of all types were more commonly reported by epilepsy patients. Burn injuries were reported only by patients with epilepsy. Suicide attempts were more commonly reported by the psychogenic seizure group. Self-injury and incontinence are commonly reported by psychogenic seizure patients. In view of their significant association with suicide attempts, they may indicate an underlying depression.     

Changes in suicidal behavior among nation-wide general population samples across Greece

Summary During recent years, two nationwide crossectional domestic surveys on psychosocial issues and health status were carried out in Greece. Both studies were conducted with identical methodology (personal interview) and screening instruments, with probability samples of 4083 adults aged 20–64 years (study A) and 3708 respondents of the same age range (study B). The time interval between the first and the second study was 6 years. The presence of self-reported suicidal behavior during the last month prior to the interview was examined. In study A, 2.8% of males and 6.8% of females respondents reported a recent suicide ideation compared to 6.4% of the males and 14.9% of the female suicide ideators in study B.However, only 0.27% of the males and 1.10% of the females in study A attempted suicide. These proportions were doubled in study B. The prevalence of depressive symptoms on the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was high among the respondents reporting a previous suicide ideation and suicide attempts.Discriminant analysis revealed several social and psychiatric factors predicting suicidal behavior.Department of Anthropology and Social Policy Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences     

Suicide: A review of calls to an adolescent peer listening phone service

Calls about suicide to a teen peer listening phone service over a period of 5 1/2 years are described. The majority of those calling about suicide were females. The phone contacts were of longer duration and later in the evening than calls about other concerns. Those concerned with suicide also discussed other serious issues such as selfesteem, family problems, substance use, and abuse and were less likely to be calling “just to talk.”     

425例自杀的法医学分析

目的 探讨社会死亡案件中自杀案例的法医学问题。方法 资料为425例自杀案件。对自杀者的年龄、性别、自杀方式及自杀原因做统计分析。结果 兰州市1987年至2002年期间自杀人数呈明显上升趋势，2001年自杀率为9．7／10万人口。自杀者中男性多于女性，以15～44岁人群自杀人数最多，自杀方式以缢死、服毒、高坠、割血管四种常见。社会心理因素导致自杀所占自杀比例最大。结论 自杀问题不容忽视，自杀现象的研究对建立有效的预防自杀、干预自杀措施有很大帮助，同时为社会公共卫生问题的研究及自杀死亡的法医学鉴定提供参考。     

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicidal Behaviors Among Youth: The Buffering Influence of Family Communication and School Connectedness

PurposeThe main objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether family communication and school connectedness offer protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; direct protective effect) and (2) whether family communication or school connectedness buffer the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors (interacting protective effect) on the multiplicative and additive scales.MethodsData were obtained from a western state's 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included 5,341 middle school and 4,980 high school participants. Generalized linear models were used to estimate whether family communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors or buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors using adjusted prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFamily communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of ACEs (a 1-unit higher score was associated with a 32%–42% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for middle school youth and a 27%–39% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for high school youth). There was evidence that family communication and school connectedness buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors on the multiplicative scale.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the development and implementation of interventions that build family communication and school connectedness to reduce suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, screening for trauma and suicidal behaviors is warranted.